منشورالمحاضرة الثامنة ||PT342

المحاضرة الثامنة ||PT342 3_10_2026🗓️ ملاحظات المحاضرة: 🔴Fetal Circulation👶🏻🫀🫁: When the baby is a fetus in the mother's womb, it gets oxygenated blood from the placenta via the umbilical vein. Because the lungs in the fetus are collapsed and oxygen is zero, the pressure is very high. The pressure in the right ventricle is high because it pumps to the lungs, and there are openings in the circulation like the PDA. The blood that comes from the umbilical vein goes to the right atrium and then to the left atrium through the foramen ovale. From the left atrium, it goes to the left ventricle, and a portion of the blood goes down to the right ventricle or flows to the ductus arteriosus, while a small portion goes to the lungs. 🔴In normal physiology, prostaglandin keeps the ductus arteriosus open during the first two days after birth. 🔴The most common cause of cyanotic congenital heart disease➡️Tetralogy of Fallot ❗❗. 🔴the most common congenital heart defect➡️Ventricular septal defect (VSD)❗❗. 🔴Tetralogy of Fallot ➡️(Pulmonary stenosis)❗valve disease❗. 🔴Complication of Right-to-Left Shunt Heart Disease➡️ low oxgen stimulates the bone marrow to produce more red blood cells (Erythropoiesis)➡️Polycythemia.