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Timusny peptide boosts immunotherapy Researchers found that a thymus peptide called timulin can weaken age-related inflammation in old mice and make PD-L1 blockade more effective against their tumors. The peptide has not been administered to humans yet. The thymus is an organ where T-cells mature, and the researchers tested whether a peptide secreted by the thymus could weaken inflammation in monocytes and macrophages, cells that protect the body from infection. As organisms age, these cells more frequently release inflammatory proteins IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α, which the authors associate with a weaker T-cell response to tumors. To isolate bone marrow cells from signals from other tissues, the researchers connected the blood flow of young and old mice and then transplanted bone marrow between them, identifying timulin as a thymus peptide whose activity decreases with age. In a Nature Communications article from July 21, a week of timulin injections reduced the proportion of myeloid cells releasing inflammatory proteins in old mice. In cell experiments, the peptide suppressed NF-κB, a protein that activates inflammation genes. The authors also observed more inflammatory myeloid cells with age in healthy donors from 21 to 87 years old, and when they treated blood cells with timulin in a test tube, the cells released fewer of those proteins. 🔗 Read original →