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PROTEXI Vaccine The PROTEXI vaccine directed memory of COVID-19 against tumors in humanized mouse experiments. On July 27, a study on the dendritic cell vaccine PROTEXI was published in Nature Communications. In experiments on melanoma and breast cancer in mice, researchers pre-established CD4 memory to a model protein fragment and used it against the tumor. In a separate experiment on humanized mice with Spike peptides, the tumor load was reduced. The anti-tumor vaccine must solve two tasks: CD8 T cells must recognize the tumor target, and CD4 T helpers must assist in launching this response. Dendritic cells capture protein fragments and present them to both types of T cells. Usually, CD4 assistance is attempted to be induced by tumor fragments. However, finding a fragment that suits different people is difficult. The authors of the PROTEXI study tested a different approach: placing a tumor peptide for CD8 cells and a familiar peptide for CD4 cells in one dendritic cell. In experiments on ordinary mice, this memory was pre-established with a model protein fragment. In the experiment on humanized mice, Spike peptides and immune cells from COVID-19 vaccinated donors were used. The sense of the design became apparent in comparison: one dendritic cell with both peptides restrained melanoma better than a mixture of cells where the helper and tumor signals were carried by different cells. 🔗 Read original →