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Aging Cells Impact Therapy
The journal Frontiers in Aging published a review on August 17, 2026, about mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) and their use in tissue repair and inflammation management. The authors explain that basic quality control may not be enough, as the product may appear viable but perform worse in specific therapies. The review outlines the path of the cell product from donor to patient, including growth, freezing, transportation, and thawing, where cells may experience stress at each stage.
Cell aging is a persistent state where cells divide less often, change their metabolism, and alter the signals they send to surrounding tissue, leading to a decrease in the product's ability to perform its intended function. The authors note that the product may retain acceptable viability and surface markers but have already lost important functionality. The review links stress to loss of function through a chain of events, including DNA damage and mitochondrial dysfunction.
The source of the cells determines where this chain begins, with bone marrow-derived MSC being affected by donor age and inflammation in the bone marrow. Cells from umbilical cord tissue are typically younger but are affected by growth, freezing, thawing, and transportation. For adipose tissue-derived MSC, donor obesity, diabetes, and metabolic inflammation are important factors. The authors suggest linking testing to the product's intended use, such as checking if cells can suppress T-cell activation for inflammation or observing vascular cell migration for tissue repair.
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