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Bone Tissue Restored Researchers have partially restored the mineral and mechanical signals of aging bone tissue using OsteoVes, artificial particles designed to restore mineral deposition and mechanical signals in aging bone tissue. In experiments with cells from elderly donors, old mice, and three macaques, they shifted measurable indicators towards bone formation. The study, published in Cell Reports Medicine on August 18, found that mesenchymal stromal cells in bone marrow can become either bone-building cells or fat cells, influenced by the extracellular matrix, a environment of proteins and minerals surrounding the cell. With age, the matrix becomes less effective at depositing minerals and transmitting mechanical signals to cells. The authors of the new study had previously altered the mechanical properties of the environment in bone injuries using a hydrogel that mimicked a blood clot, helping cells to activate their bone formation program. Now, they have tested whether temporarily replacing the functions of the matrix can direct bone marrow cells towards bone formation, even in aging tissue. The OsteoVes particles, which mimic matrix vesicles of bone tissue, contain alkaline phosphatase that breaks down pyrophosphate, which hinders mineralization, and hydroxyapatite nanoparticles, which provide a starting point for mineral deposition. The authors compared the complete construct to its individual components and found that OsteoVes enhanced the formation of mineralized matrix and the activity of genes associated with bone formation in old human stromal cells. Variants without the enzyme or hydroxyapatite and empty membrane vesicles were less effective. When the researchers blocked PIEZO1, a protein channel that helps cells respond to mechanical stimuli, the effect was also weakened. The authors then tested whether the bone tissue of old animals could be changed, and found that two intravenous doses of OsteoVes administered one week apart increased the maximum load that the femur could withstand by approximately 1.4 times in 22-month-old mice, and improved the bending strength by approximately 95% compared to a saline control. 🔗 Read original →