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Longevity Interventions
Яцек Хоффман proposes selecting combinations of anti-aging interventions based on the current state of the organism. On August 19, Яцек Хоффман published an essay with his author's hypothesis: to maintain health throughout a long life, it is necessary to evaluate several processes at once and select their combination based on the state of the organism. The starting point for Хоффман was a study on the heart of the Greenland shark. The authors studied the tissues of ten sharks aged approximately 100-155 years and found fibrosis, lipofuscin, and signs of oxidative stress.
Before capture, the animals were found, chased, and caught with bait; the authors consider this indirect evidence of preserved physiological function. Хоффман takes the discrepancy between tissue damage and active behavior of the sharks as a reason to question this in humans. In his hypothesis, the organism must maintain several processes at once, and enhancing one changes the conditions for the others.
Active removal of damaged cells helps to restrain tumors, but increases the tissue's need for restoration. Stem cells replenish lost cells; the more they divide, the more the tissue is renewed and the more opportunities there are for changes in individual cells. The immune system recognizes infections and anomalous cells, and its prolonged activation damages tissues. One intervention changes the work of other systems.
Therefore, Хоффман proposes choosing an intervention based on age, specific tissue, accumulated damage, and resource reserve. His sequence of actions looks like this: "Observation → reconstruction of the current state → causal model → selection of intervention → action → repeated measurement → model update". Хоффман proposes testing this hypothesis by comparing models, such as those described in Nature Aging, July 2026.
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