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Brain Computer Interface
The main idea is to consider the brain as a computational system, which means its functions can be studied and gradually replaced with artificial components. A key example is Prima, a neuroimplant for restoring vision in people with retinal degeneration. The system works through the remaining neural pathways of the eye, with a miniature chip implanted under the retina, containing 378 photoreceptive pixels.
The chip converts light into electrical impulses, stimulating retinal cells and sending information to the brain. In clinical trials, patients with severe central vision loss were able to perform tasks that were previously impossible, such as reading letters and words, and solving Sudoku and crosswords. However, the technology is still far from natural vision, with limited resolution and a small field of view.
According to Max Hodak, such technologies are the real future of neurointerfaces. He believes that attempts to create a "brain keyboard" that allows typing thoughts directly are overestimating the problem, citing an estimate of approximately 10 bits per second for the speed of information transmission from consciousness. A more promising direction is to restore damaged communication channels between the brain and body, such as vision, hearing, movement, and balance, as mentioned in the Nature Aging journal.
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