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Longer Lives in Worms
Researchers from McGill University published a study on August 20 in eLife examining nine long-lived lines of the roundworm Caenorhabditis elegans. All of these lines lived longer than typical worms, but in two groups, some of the shared genes worked in opposite directions. The authors then tested some of these genes in experiments on the animals themselves.
The study's authors first confirmed that all nine lines indeed lived longer than typical worms, and then compared them in a single design. For each line, they took at least six independent samples, and for control worms, 18. They measured gene function using RNA-seq, a method that counts RNA and shows how actively a cell is using each gene. The profiles were divided into three groups, with 507 genes showing increased activity in four lines, and 188 of those same genes showing decreased activity in two lines.
The authors checked whether such changes were involved in life extension, rather than just accompanying it. Out of 196 genes active in at least six lines, they were able to test 116 using RNA interference, a method that reduces the activity of a chosen gene. Most interventions did not change lifespan, but seven candidates passed a repeat test, with suppression of each reducing life in both normal worms and a line with disrupted mitochondrial function.
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