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Extropianism: The Philosophical Roots of Modern Transhumanism
Extropianism became the practical and philosophical foundation from which modern transhumanism grew in the late 20th century. The term extropy, coined by philosopher Max More in 1988, was conceived as a metaphorical opposite of entropy — a measure of intellect, functional order, vital energy, and a system’s drive for continual improvement.
While classical physics predicts the inevitable decline of systems, extropianism proposes a reverse process: the constant increase of complex order in the human organism and mind through science. This movement transformed abstract dreams of immortality into a concrete technological vector focused on cryonics, nanotechnology, mind uploading, and exponential growth of computing power.
The organizational center of the philosophy was the Institute of Extropy (ExI), founded by Max More and Tom Bell, together with the journal Extropy: The Journal of Transhumanist Thought, which created the first cohesive network of futurists.
In the 1990s, heated debates took place via the institute’s mailing list, involving key figures of the forthcoming technological revolution: nanotech advocate Eric Drexler, B‑money creator Wei Dai, Bitcoin developer Hal Finney, WikiLeaks founder Julian Assange, and philosopher Nick Bostrom.
By 2006, ExI’s board announced its closure with the statement
🔗 Source: @solid_state_humanity
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