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from fastapi import FastAPI, Request, HTTPException from fastapi.responses import JSONResponse from starlette.middleware.base import BaseHTTPMiddleware app = FastAPI() class UnauthorizedException(HTTPException): def __init__(self, detail: str = "未授权的访问"): super().__init__(status_code=401, detail=detail) async def unauthorized_exception_handler(request: Request, exc: UnauthorizedException): return JSONResponse( status_code=exc.status_code, content={"code": exc.status_code, "message": exc.detail} ) # 添加异常处理器 app.add_exception_handler(UnauthorizedException, unauthorized_exception_handler) class AuthMiddleware(BaseHTTPMiddleware): def __init__(self, app): super().__init__(app) async def dispatch(self, request: Request, call_next): # 检查认证（这里可以换成你的逻辑） token = request.headers.get("Authorization") if not token: # 这里改成直接返回Response，避免raise return JSONResponse( status_code=401, content={"code": 401, "message": "缺少认证令牌"} ) response = await call_next(request) return response # 添加中间件 app.add_middleware(AuthMiddleware) @app.get("/protected") async def protected_route(): return {"message": "这是一个受保护的路由"}